Modernity and Spaces of Femininity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modernity and Spaces of Femininity - Essay Example The paper "Modernity and Spaces of Femininity" focuses on the article of Griselda Pollock. The article clearly represents Pollock’s feminist views. She is a credible author being a leading cultural theorist. She has done vast research on feminist issues such as those that women encounter while living and working in societies as objects of male satisfaction rather than as important subjects that gives credit to their own abilities as women. Pollock has recommended ways to change future representations of women. She has likewise provided significant insights on voyeuristic art and ties between art and human nature. She has become an activist using a â€Å"Marxist-socialist approach to reveal the key sexual and political biases involved in the formation of the modernist movement". Currently, she is the Director for the Centre for Cultural Analysis, Theory and History at the University of Leeds with a Masters Degree in History of European Art and a PhD degree in the study of appr oaches to modernism. She is considered an academic jewel, having taught History of Art and Film in the Universities of Manchester and Leeds and an author of several books on her expertise on Art, History, Feminism and Modernism. In the article, Pollock refers mostly to paintings of renowned artists in the nineteenth century and how their work affected its viewers. She analyzed T.J. Clark’s accounts of Edoard Manet’s controversial painting, â€Å"Olympia† which shows a nude woman reclined on a bed with her hand covering her crotch., with a black lady, presumably her maid, standing beside the bed and a black cat seated at the foot of her bed. This painting was widely criticized when it was exposed to the public, and its analysis runs from shallow comments about its physical appearance to deeper critiques about societal representations during its time. Clark claims that Manet’s Olympia has been the founding monument of modern art3, embodying a shift in what spectators are accustomed to viewing and was subjected to a wide variety of interpretations. Pollock contends that Clark leans on the class system in analyzing modernist paintings. For him, Olympia’s nakedness in Manet’s ‘modernist’ painting depicted her as a lowly prostitute as opposed to heavily dressed, sophisticated and fashionable women in other paintings ascribed as coming from upper classes of society. Pollock also agrees with Clark that such artwork of women catered to a masculine audience since it provokes sexual titillation which is not expected of decent women viewers. This is what she meant by ‘masculinist myth of modernism’. Male artists reigned over modernism because they are able to express their sexuality through their art, which was not a luxury granted to women artists. Pollock confirms that there was a historical asymmetry in art in the nineteenth century due to social structuration of sexual differences which determined wha t men and women painted4. Clark indexes impressionist paintings to class formations and class identities that emerged in society, giving ‘modernity’ a wider meaning than just being up-to-date. â€Å"Modernity is a matter of representations and major myths- of a new Paris for recreation, leisure and pleasure; of nature to be enjoyed at weekends in suburbia; of the prostitute taking over and of fluidity of class in the popular spaces of entertainment†5 References were pointed to Charles Baudelaire’s essay about the modern artist being a flaneur or â€Å"

My Future Faculty Mentor Essay Example for Free

My Future Faculty Mentor Essay Having the field experience is something that I myself am looking forward. I know that there will be lots of things that I would be encountering as I take my field experience, but one thing that I am looking forward to is working with my future faculty mentor. As I come close to having my field experience I have expectations about working with my faculty mentor, and the one thing that I expect to learn and attain through the help of my mentor is to become independent. Faculty mentors will be assigned to us to help and guide us in our field experience, but it is not necessary for us to be always dependent on our mentors, we too should learn how to become independent while working with them. I believe that I will be learning a lot from my faculty mentor as I enter my field experience and one thing that I have to learn as I enter my field experience is to work independently. Though our mentors will help us, I must possess the necessary skills in order for me to work independently. Before going into a field experience, one must first know self-management where one would set goals, consider alternatives and evaluate them according to ones specific knowledge and skills (Academic innovations: secretarys commission on achieving necessary skills (scans), 1991). Another very important thing as I work with my mentor is that I should be responsible and must know how to manage my time well. Working independently means working by yourself; even though the mentors are there, one should be responsible to perform tasks and finish them in the time given (Academic innovations: secretarys commission on achieving necessary skills (scans), 1991). These I believe are the two most important factors that I should consider as I work independently with my faculty mentor. From strategies to guidelines, I believe with the help of my faculty mentor that I would be able to learn these things and many more, but I know that I too should know how to work independently because this is a challenge for me to become a better person. Reference Academic innovations: secretarys commission on achieving necessary skills (scans). (1991). Retrieved from http://www. academicinnovations. com/report. html#manage

How Has The Role of the Police Changed?

How Has The Role of the Police Changed? Abstract When thinking of a police officer, what is the first image that comes to mind? If you are like most people, the image is that of a crime fighter, dodging bullets and saving citizens from the grasps of crime and corruption. What if I was to tell you that the realism of law enforcement, conversely, is that of something far less theatrical? How the Role of Police Changed over time: How the Role Change Affected the Public’s View of Police The role of a police officer plays a significant part in normal everyday life. Most recently, however, the role of a police officer started to shift, and that changes many things, including the public’s view on policing. Whether the view change is for better or worse, rest assured these brave men and women will be doing everything in their power to keep us safe. This analysis explores how the role of police has changed over time by answering the subsequent questions, What was the past role of the police officer? What is the role of the police officer currently? What has caused this change in the role? Understanding these inquiries will better our understanding of how effectively our police force is changing over time to protect its citizens. This will also give the communities a better understanding of just how difficult the role of a police officer is, and maybe with the understanding, more communication and cohesion between the department and its neighborhood are in order. What was the past role of the police officer? Before we can look at the current role of a police officer, we have to travel back in time and quickly view the role of the police officer then. Since the beginning of what is known as the professional (or reform) era, law enforcement arose as the key task of police officers (Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, 2011, p. 139). Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec define law enforcement as, â€Å"The police agency’s application of the criminal code to specific situations† (2011, p. 139). Situated at the nucleus of law enforcement is, arresting the accused (Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, 2011, p. 172). With the demands so high for law enforcement officers to remove criminals from the streets, a policy known as localized policing came into effect. Localized policing is the formation of smaller departments throughout a larger area (Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, 2011, p. 146). This meant that police officers could now focus on the parts of town where crime was significantly higher. With the practice of localized policing came the problem of fragmentation. According to Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, fragmentation is, â€Å"The lack of coordination among law enforcement agencies in the same geographical region due to the existence of many small departments† (2011, p. 146). The disadvantages of fragmentation is that, with departments not talking, one district could be enforcing certain laws stricter than its neighboring jurisdiction (Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, 2011, p. 146-147). A contrast of these neighboring departments could lead to the one community’s thought of the police department changing to that of excessive force. What is even worse than this is, any criminals that run their business in the jurisdiction of the strict police department, might take their illegitimate deeds to the neighboring town creating a massive problem for the less forceful police department and its citizens (Meese III, 1993, p. 2). With these problems on police administrator’s hands, they knew something had to be done to help these officers. What is the role of the police officer currently? Fast-forwarding back to current times, the administrators have come up with certain changes in the role of police that might help with past complications. One big change that came through was the new roles of a police officer. As said before, the key role was enforcing the law. In this current time, the police officer actually has three major roles now. They are, maintaining order, law enforcement, and providing service. Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec define maintaining order as, â€Å"Peacekeeping activities including enforcement of quality of life laws such as no loitering† (2011, p. 171). According to Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, this now includes, â€Å"traffic control, and crowd management during sporting events, concerts, and parades† (2011, p. 171). Service activities is defined as, â€Å"Non-law enforcement activities performed by officers on an as-needed basis, such as, giving someone directions† (Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, 2011, p. 172). Besides the general change in services, the rudimentary outlook of the police officer changed too. In the past, the police officer would chiefly react to occurrences. Now, the officer investigates, strategizes, and takes the initiative (Meese III, 1993, p. 2). The most significant change in policing came with the invention of community-oriented policing. Prono defines community policing as, â€Å"A cooperative relationship between the police and the community where they operate in tandem to diagnose and address crime issues† (2013, p. 1). Community policing is known for making neighborhoods more conscious of crime, and how to avert it (Prono, 2013, p. 1). One of the biggest components of community policing is civilianization. This is defined as, â€Å"assigning to civilians tasks previously performed by police officers† (Masters, Muscat, Dussich, Pincu, Skrapec, 2011, p. 175). The goal of civilianization is to enlarge the amount of community inhabitants actively partaking in policing. Besides the cutback in crime, another influence that community policing has is, the expansion of a progressive relationship amongst the police and the community. What has caused this change in the role? Since there seems to be a new way of policing, administrators decided that they should bring in some new faces around the department. They thought these new faces could help bring some new and exotic ideas to the table. In the 1950s-1960s virtually every department consisted of all white male officers (Sklansky, 2006, p. 1210). As Sklansky states, â€Å"In 2005, for the first time in the history of the NYPD, a majority of the new officers graduating from its academy were members of racial minorities† (Sklansky, 2006, p. 1213-1214). This is a huge step toward equality in the workforce. Something even greater than that comes with the upcoming vast diversity of the police departments. Studies have shown that communities have a better rapport with police officers when some of those police officers are from that descent (Howell, Perry, Vile, 2004 p. 62). It is not just about race anymore, all genders and sexual orientations are now able, and widely accepted to join the police departments. There is a saying that is implemented in the NYPD, the saying is, â€Å"Blue is blue† (Willis, 2002, p. 29). That saying sums it up completely, three little words that have a huge meaning behind them. Another reason for the change in the role of policing is the public’s opinion of police officers. In the past, the affiliation between African Americans and police officers was difficult [to say the least] (Howell, Perry, Vile, 2004, p. 45). With the help of diversifying the police force, and largely to community policing, the views of African American citizens on their community police department have improved considerably (Howell, Perry, Vile, 2004, p. 48). Over the years, with just these few examples, many have seen countless transformations to how the roles of policing have changed for the better. Our communities are never going to stop diversifying anytime soon. Many positive alterations have already begun to take place. With the help of community-oriented policing, and different points of view throughout the departments, thanks to the expansion of race, gender, and sexual orientation, many communities are seeing police in a whole new light. It will take hard work and determination to stay with the times, and not fall back onto beliefs and practices used in the past. With the help of different community based organizations, and a vast amount of backgrounds, our police departments relationship with the communities should flourish. The role of the police officer should become even more community based, because there still is a feeling in many urban communities of race discrimination, and use of excessive force. With time, this should all be taken care of, just like the many problems faced in the past. References Howell,S.E., Perry,H.L., Vile,M. (2004). Black cities/white cities: Evaluating the police.Political Behavior,26(1), 45-68. Masters,R., Muscat,B.T., Dussich,J.P., Pincu,L., Skrapec,C.A. (2011).CJ: Realities and challenges(2nded.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Meese III,E. (1993). Community policing and the police officer.National Institute of Justice, (15), 1-11. Retrieved from www.ncjrs.gov Prono,L. (2013). Community policing. InSalem Press Encyclopedia. Ipswich, MA: EBSCO Publishing. Sklansky,D.A. (2006). Not your fathers police department: Making sense of the new demographics of law enforcement.Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology,96(3), 1209-1233. Willis,C. (2002).NYPD: Stories of survival from the worlds toughest beat. New York, NY: Thunder Mouth Press.

To Serve Others through Dentistry Essay -- Dentistry Admissions Essays

To Serve Others through Dentistry    My interest in dentistry is a result of a sincere interest in the profession as well as a strong belief that my personal qualities will allow me to contribute to the well-being of others. My observations of dentists at work, my interest in thier manual skills, and my strong desire for service work have lead me to choose dentistry. My broad but science-centered academic background is health-related, which will help me succeed in a dental program.    Dentistry depends on communication skills, patience, and tolerance of individuals' differences which I think are my strong points. I believe I can give effective and equal care to all patients. Tutoring in Clarkson's Writing Lab taught me that the success of the conference depends on the ability of the tutor not to dominate but to encourage the writer to give information. This relationship parallels the doctor-patient relationship. I think dentistry is a joint effort between the doctor and patient. This field is appropriate for me because I would enjoy using the skills I've acquired t...

Margaret Atwood Essay

Margaret Atwood once wrote â€Å"Does feminist mean a large unpleasant person who’ll shout at you or someone who believes women are human beings. To me it’s the latter, so I sign up.† This clearly shows that Atwood believes that feminism is not about depicting a woman as a strong and macho character but a real one with admirable traits and some imperfections. Cat’s Eye, one of Atwood’s acclaimed novels, is distinctively a feminist novel that shows two different kinds of women in society. The first being the stereotypically traditional woman, who is weak and submissive to man. She illustrates this type of woman through her minor characters – Ms. Smeath and Susie, both of whom play weak and traditional women who face tragedy in life. Her second kind is the heroic and feminist character that while being admirable and strong has some human weaknesses. She presents this with two unconventional protagonists – Elaine Risley and Cordelia. She depicts Elaine and Cordelia as two tough but insecure women who fight to create their unique identity in the society. During the time frame of the book (1940- 1980), society was extremely male dominated especially the literary aspect of it. Most of the famous authors were male and most of the highly regarded books were written in a chauvinistic manner, depicting women as weak, vulnerable, disloyal, unimportant and narrow minded. On the other hand, men were portrayed as heroic, overly strong, and perfect in every sense. Feminist novels, throughout this time, were novels that portrayed women as the â€Å"hero† and protagonists rather than as women. Atwood’s Cat’s Eye, however, differed from the typical feminist novels as it illustrated the women as admirable â€Å"heroines† who were strong and proud but flawed. This brought a realistic touch to the characters as readers were able to understand them better as they seemed more humanlike – with strengths and weaknesses. Margaret Atwood cleverly proves her book uniquely feminist through her portrayal of characters as she explores the struggles of dual level of women in society; the stereotypical and vulnerable woman and the strong and unconventional feminist. Ms. Smeath is first introduced as a woman with a weak heart and someone who needs constant rest due to her illness. Already, readers pity her and have a mental image of a weak and frail mother who is in need of help. In contrast, if a novel of the same era were to depict a man with the same condition, he would be shown as someone who is internally very strong and despite his physical illness, he would be fighting to save himself. This is a clear example of the sexist views of society during that time. Through the description of her physical appearance, one can see that Ms Smeath believes that women should dress in a plain and conservative fashion. She is shown as wearing print housedresses which are especially saggy around the chest and Oxfords- which are very plain leather shoes. She also does not wear make-up or make fancy hairstyles and is perceived to be strict, straight and upright. This perception of her is later proven true as Atwood describes her as someone who doesn’t laugh, goes to church every week and does not stand for things she does not like – like the time she was told that Carol’s mom and dad slept on two different beds. â€Å"Mrs. Smeath is not like Mrs. Campbell. For instance, she has no twin sets and views them with contempt. I know this because once, when Carol was bragging about her mother’s twin sets, Mrs. Smeath said â€Å"Is that so†, not as a question but as a way of making Carol shut up.† In the novel, Mrs. Smeath is depicted as a narrow-minded mother who believes that Elaine deserves to be punished by God because she comes from a family that is not as religious as the Smeaths. â€Å"It’s God’s punishment†, says Mrs. Smeath. â€Å"It serves her right†. This shows her high-self esteem and her belief of superiority over others. Mrs. Smeath represents the dark and evil side of women in society during that time period. Another stereotypical woman, fragile and defenceless, is presented in the form of Susie, a fellow classmate of Elaine’s in night school. Susie is seen as someone who puts on a lot of make-up and jewellery, wears skin-tight clothes, and has a quiet voice. To Elaine, she is just a fake and dumb girl who’s just fooling around in class. Elaine also suspects Susie of having an affair with their art teacher Mr. Joseph Hrbik, as she is the only one who sticks up for him when the rest of the class taunts him. In the beginning, Elaine thinks that Susie is incapable of love – as she is too superficial; another stereotype of women in that society, she believes that Susie is just playing with Mr. Hrbik’s feelings for personal benefit. â€Å"Susie herself is incapable of love, she’s too shallow, I think of her as the conscious one, the one in control: she’s toying with him† Susie represents the other side of the stereotypical woman in society †“ the opposite of Mrs. Smeath. She is seen as a dependant person as she seems to be in awe of Mr. Hrbik at all times. Another proof of this is the time Susie comes to visit Elaine one last time in Swiss Chalet. â€Å"Have you seen Josef?† she asked. I lied not well â€Å"No why would I?† â€Å"I just thought you might know where he was†, she said.† This shows that not only is Susie aware that Elaine and Josef are having an affair; she can do nothing about it, as she is too dependent on Josef. This also proves her to be weak and with a low self esteem. However, Elaine later discovers that Susie was in fact pregnant and knew that Josef would refuse to marry her and so she decides to abort the baby – herself. This shows her helplessness, as she is unable to defend herself against the pain of Josef leaving her. Even in her weakest moment, the time she was in the ambulance she pleads with Elaine not to tell Josef. Together, Mrs. Smeath and Susie represent the stereotype of women as eit her evil and dark or weak and vulnerable in society at that time period. On the other hand are Atwood’s two uniquely feminist characters – Cordelia and Elaine. Cordelia and Elaine represent the reality of women rather than the supposed roles represented by Mrs. Smeath and Grace. Cordelia represents a very strong but victimized woman of society and Elaine is the unusual central character that is a very passionate and talented with a traumatic childhood, which influences her entire life. Cordelia is first introduced in the beginning of the novel in one of Elaine’s first memories. Straightaway, the reader gets the impression of a rebel when the narrative voice says, â€Å"We’re impervious, we scintillate, and we are thirteen†. Through the way they express their likes and dislikes, and the power they thought they had, one can easily make out they are feminists. Atwood uses symbolism when she writes â€Å"Cordelia sits with nonchalance, nudging me with her elbow now and then, staring blankly at the other people with her grey-green eyes, opaque and glinting metal. This symbolizes Cordelia’s eyes as cold and sharp as metal to show Cordelia’s attitude towards others. Cordelia has many traits fit for a heroine – for example her outer self-confidence – she presents herself in an extremely confident manner despite her real feelings inside. Her independence- she is never dependant on anyone to guide her and despite having two sisters and mother to look up to, she lives life her own way almost struggling to create her own place, her own identity in the world. Her intelligence-she got promoted to a higher grade despite being younger than the rest. Her strength to become what she wants and not what the society wants her to be. And her leadership skills, which even though used wrongly, were powerful enough to ensure she was always leader. However, Cordelia has some obvious weaknesses – her family. Throughout the book, Cordelia shows that she has a certain discomfort with her family, especially her father – who beat her- and her sisters who were the perfect girls thus, creating a lot of pressure for Cordelia to do well. But no matter how well Cordelia did, her dad paid no attention to her. She later on reveals to Elaine that as a child she would swallow mercury so she wouldn’t have to go to school, and she would dig holes in her yard so she could be safe in them and how she used to get into a lot of trouble with her dad and that she hated moving to the new house because she didn’t have any good friends except for Elaine. At that moment, readers see the broken and hidden child behind the hard and cold exterior. Readers see a young girl who has been a victim to many pressures and responsibilities. Another instance of this is when Perdi says to Cordelia â€Å"Pull up your socks, Cordelia, or y ou’ll flunk your year again. You know what Daddy said last time.† Cordelia flushes and doesn’t respond. This shows Cordelia’s fear of disappointing her dad and again readers see this young child just stuck in cruel and cold world, wanting to come out, but never given the chance. Another weakness of Cordelia is her self-esteem, which is very low. When Elaine and Cordelia are in high school, Elaine manages to get more attention from guys than Cordelia as Cordelia comes across as a fake person to most guys since she lacks the self-confidence to behave naturally. One more example of this is when Cordelia looses her job and tries to kill herself at home and gets sent to a mental hospital. Readers can make a connection between Susie and Cordelia, as both in times of trouble resorted to self-harm. And this proves the genuineness of Cordelia’s character as she has strengths of a hero and weakness of the female stereotype, which form her personality – both powerful and vulnerable Elaine Risley, the main unconventional protagonist of the book when first introduced, is a successful 50 year old painter back in Toronto (her home town) to do an exhibition. She is first seen as an insecure woman with a tormenting past but as the book progresses one can fully appreciate Elaine’s heroic traits. One can see the journey Elaine takes the struggles she faces, the obstacles she overcomes and the memories she leaves behind. Elaine, though not the conventional heroine and perfect, is someone most women will admire as she has a lot of inner strength. There are many times where Elaine shows her inner strength – especially when she walks away from Cordelia, Grace and Carol, and when she finds the inner strength (through Virgin Mary) to go back home instead of loosing consciousness at the freezing riverbank. She also finds the inner strength to walk away from a failing marriage, while having no concrete plans. Elaine also has a thirst for finding a place where she belongs, her own identity, which is why she struggles to please people- so she can fit in. She is very unique in her thoughts and actions – for example when she runs past her poster and she has moustache, instead of feeling hurt or breaking down as the stereotypical women would, Elaine likes the moustache because she thinks she has â€Å"achieved, finally, a face that a moustache can be drawn on, a face that attracts moustaches. She is also a proud feminist who stands up for women, when she goes to â€Å"consciousness raising† meeting for women, in which feminine issues are raised. She also feels bitter towards the Art Gallery of Ontario as they refused to hold her exhibit in their gallery because as she says, â€Å"Because they have a bias towards old dead men†. She is also seen as someone who cares for others as she is shown giving money to the poor on more than one occasion and is also seen doing things to please people even if she does not want to – for example the interview with Andrea. She also shows her caring side when she finds out Grace’s mother has a weak heart and so she goes and checks everyday to see if Mrs. Smeath is fine. However, Elaine also has her human weaknesses like her habit on putting on masks and faking things to please people. She also develops neurotic habits such as biting her skin, pulling her hair and peeling her skin so she can feel pain and her existence. She also develops fainting fits and has suicidal impulses. She has moments where she is lost and needs help, she is afraid of galleries, and is afraid to express her emotions and all in all she hold a lot in from her past that she needs to let out in order to move on. She is also self-doubting as she has no confidence in her abilities and she is paranoid as to what other women think and say about her. She is always afraid she is going to end up like someone and so takes pleasure in knowing she’s stronger than others. She struggles her entire life to create her own identity that is not pre-determined by society. Elaine and Cordelia represent the unique and real female protagonist Atwood creates to represent the true role of women in society. Through her clever way of portraying characters to represent a society much like a normal one rather than a fake one, Atwood explores the detailed struggle in the lives of all four characters, which at a first glance seem very distinct but are interconnected in their roles in the society. Atwood brings forth an unconventional protagonist, who despite being susceptible to weaknesses and flaws manages to gain the admiration of many readers through her actions in life.

LITERARNA MODERNA- SVETOVA Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

LITERARNA MODERNA- SVETOVA Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers LITERARNA MODERNA- SVETOVA SPOLOCENSKA SITUACIA- obdobie rozvoja modernej technickej spolocnosti - objavy - hrozba 1.sv.vojny akapitalisticka spolocnos silnie -spolocnos sa orientuje na moc abohatstvo FILOZOFIAfilozoficke smery: - Shoppenhauer- pesimizmus avoluntarizmus - Nietzsche- individualizmus a nihilizmus LITERATURA - snaha ospajanie viacerych druhov umenia -,umenie pre umenie" = PARNASIZMUS - dba ocistotu formy - prevlada forma basne nad jej obsahom - HVIEZDOSLAV -prevlada poezia nad prozou - prestava sa pisa spolocenska lyrika, zacina sa pisa lyrika osobna - prinasa cloveka samotara - basnici nezobrazuju svet, ktory vidia, ale, ktory citia - najdolezitejsim nastrojom lyriky sa stava slovo -umelecke smery : symbolizmus, impresionizmus, dekadencia SYMBOLIZMUS - vznik v19. stor. vo Francuzsku - reakcia na naturalizmus aparnasizmus - vnima svet zmyslovo avyuziva symboly - nadrauje ducha nad hmotu, unika zo spolocnosti, vychodisko hada mimo reality/v snoch, vpodvedomi/ - vplyva na hudba = verse su spevne, chceli vyjadri hudbu pomocou slov, pismen afarieb - ulohou symbolizmu bolo pomiesa zmysly - zacali pisa neviazanym versom - vyuzivaju senzualizmus- basne vyjadrovane lyricky cez atmosferu krajiny - symbolisti zili neviazanym sposobom zivota: PREKLATI BASNICI- Boudelaire, Rimbaud, Verlaine - ovplyvneni tiez dekadenciou, naturalizmom -zobrazuju skaredos azlo tohto sveta - protestuju proti pokrytectvu apretvarku - hadaju krasu vskaredych veciach - zili bohemskym zivotom - citlive, burlive, zlozite osobnosti - citili sa osamoteni, vycleneni zo spolocnosti, prekliati/znaky roman. hrdinu/ CH.BAUDELAIRE Tvorba: zbierka basni Kvety zla, Male basne vproze, vyber zjeho tvorby bas. zbierky Trosky, Clovek amore /reflexivna lyrika/- impresionizmus - odsudili ho za nemravneho , skazeneho basnika pre pisanie erotickej poezie - vea mystiky a nabozenstva Base vproze - kratky rytmizovany zaner vneviazanej reci - vyuziva tropy, figury, paralelizmus - graficky azvukovo pripomina prozu J.A. RIMBAUD Tvorba: Pobyt vpekle, base Relikviar, Iluminacie, Zora -base vproze -obohatil tvorbu ohlboku emocionalnos - vzah sPaulom Verlainom IMPRESIONIZMUS - vznikol v19. stor. vo Francuzsku - manifest impresionizmu = obraz od Claudia Monta Dojem, vychod slnka - zakladom impresionizmu je zachytavanie prchavych zmyslovych dojmov avnemov -najma vlyrike - vumeni - pointilizmus - bodkovacia technika - snazi sa okomplexne zobrazenie dojmu= synestezia - spaja vnemy rozneho zmysloveho povodu - hudobnos versa PAUL VERLAINE Tvorba: Saturnske basne / melodicke basne/, zivotopisne dielo Moje vazenia, esej Preklati basnici, Moja nemocnica, Vyznanie, Jesenna base - pomenovanie ,preklati basnici" DEKADENCIA - vznik 19. stor. vo Francuzsku - zaklad pre vznik symbolizmu aimpresionizmu - vtvorbe sa prejavila fantazia, naladovos, uzkos, depresia, pocity beznadeje - necenili si lasku azivot - na piedestal postavili zlo askaredos - temy smrti, noci, samoty, rozkladu - CH. BOUDELAIRE - Mrcina LITERARNA MODERNA- SLOVENSKA SPOLOCENSKA SITUACIA -SK ako sucas Uhorska, sl. narod neuznavany ako narod, ani jazyk, narod nie je jednotny- pokracuje narodnostny utlak - obdobie hosp. problemov - vypuknutie 1.sv vojny LITERATURA -paralelne tvoria prislusnici viacerych lit. smerov : autori 1. a2. vlne realizmu , nova generacia- slovenska literarna moderna - autori boli ovplyvneni romantizmom/ osamelos, vyjadrenie vl. pocitu, prirodna symbolika/, symbolizmom / vyuzivanie symbolov na vyjadrenie abstraktneho, hudobnos versa/, impresionizmus /doraz na atmosferu basne, nalady, dojem zo sveta, ale aj HVIEZDOSLAVOM AVAJANSKYM - riesili narodne aspolocenske konflikty, zarove vsak presadzovali pravo na vlastny pocit vbasni, na zachytavanie intimnych zachvevov duse avyjadrenie osobneho pocitu zo skutocnosti -na rozdiel od sv. moderny, ktora je skor subjektivnejsia ariesi prevazne osobne problemy ZNAKY - 1. lyricky hrdina= sam autor, osamely clovek, ktoreho zivot obera oiluzie, vyjadruje svoj smutok, sklamanie, citove sklamanie / Krasko/, intelektualna kriza / Jesensky/, rozbor medzi tuzbou autora askutocnosou/ vplyv romantizmu/ - 2. zanre= prevlada poezia nad prozou, kratsie basnicky, piese, sonet -3. vyuzivanie symbolov, basnickej skratky, naznaku, - 4. vers= sylabotonicky, modernejsi jazyk, prirodzeny slovosled, rytmicky usporiadany arymovany ivony vers - 5. = hudobnos versa : opakovanie hlasok vyvolavajucich zvukove dojmy Predstavitelia: Ivan Krasko, Janko Jesensky, Ivan Gall, Vladimir Roy, Frantisek Votruba IVAN KRASKO Tvorba: cyklus 9 basni Listok, zbierka Nox et solitudo = Uz je pozde, Plachy akord, Vesper dominicae (Nedeny vecer), Topole, Zmraka sa, Jehovah, Prsi- prsi, Quia pulvis sum (Pretoze som prach) zbierka Verse- basne zamerane viac spolocensky, obsahuje sonety - najznamejsie basne: Noc, Ja = basne vproze, Otrok = lyricky subjekt sa stylizuje do postavy otroka, vyzva do boja, Otcova roa= base je vycitkami svedomia autora, ktory opustil rodinu ivlas, je tu motiv vecera aprvky tajomnosti, Banici= ma burcujuci charakter, vyjadruje nadej, ze raz pride era slobody - vlastnym menom Jan Botto - spolok Detvan, chemicky inzinier vCechach - vea pseudonym - jeho tvorba je lyrickou spoveou, zhrnul ju do 2 zbierok - poezia vemi osobna, krehka, uprimna -zakladny zivotny pocit je smutok, nostalgia bezmocnos, beznadej, pesimizmus a pochybnos -autor ma pocit, ze nieco zameskal - tento pocit vyplyva z: 1. zo smutku za domovom, matkou, SK, 2. zosamelosti- uzavrety, tajnostkarsky clovek, pochyboval osebe, viere, laske 3. znenaplnenej lasky: pochyboval olaske, trpel na chorobu puc, lasku zobrazuje